Alcohol consumption plays a considerable role in suicide deaths, with one in four suicide fatalities involving alcohol use, either detected in the individual’s body at the time or consumed during the act. This statistic underscores the need to reframe how we view the intersection of alcohol and mental health
Patterns of Alcohol Use that Elevate Risk
Certain patterns of alcohol consumption are strongly linked to suicide risk, including:
- Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD):
AUD, the second most common mental health condition among individuals who die by suicide, is characterised by an inability to stop drinking despite its harmful impacts. It affects physical and mental health, damages relationships, and causes financial or social instability. AUD often co-exists with major depression, multiplying suicide risk significantly. - Acute Alcohol Use:
Drinking within the three to six hours before an incident, referred to as acute use, significantly increases risk. The heightened vulnerability stems from impaired consciousness, poor judgement, and amplified negative feelings. - Binge Drinking:
Frequently consuming five or more drinks per occasion for men or four or more for women is classified as binge drinking. This habit reduces fear and inhibition while increasing impulsivity, pushing individuals closer to attempting suicide.
Understanding the Continuum of Risk
The UK’s alcohol guidelines stress a continuum of risk linked to weekly alcohol consumption:
- Low-risk consumption: Two or fewer standard drinks per week.
- Moderate risk: Between three and six standard drinks weekly.
- High risk: Seven or more standard drinks weekly.
The risk of harm increases with higher levels of consumption, particularly in settings where more than two standard drinks are consumed in one session, a behaviour linked to injuries, violence, and harm to both self and others.
